1. Ali Hassan al-Majid, famously known as Chemical Ali, was an Iraqi military commander and politician who served as the defense minister responsible for the infamous Halabja massacre. Born in 1941 in Tikrit, Iraq, al-Majid rose through the ranks of the Ba’ath Party and became a key figure in Saddam Hussein’s regime. His pivotal role in orchestrating the use of chemical weapons in the Kurdish town of Halabja in 1988 marked him as a ruthless and brutal enforcer of Saddam’s regime’s policies.