The Sinaloa Cartel, which Guzmán co-founded and led, was incorporated in the 1980s. The cartel’s operations spanned multiple countries, including the United States, Mexico, and various parts of Europe and Asia. Under Guzmán’s leadership, the cartel utilized sophisticated methods for smuggling drugs, such as tunnels, submarines, and even aircraft. His ability to maintain control and expand the cartel’s influence led to his rise as one of the most powerful and feared drug lords in history.